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E. W. ENEQUIST.

PROJECTILE. A EPLICATIOH FILED JULY 18.1918.

Patented Sept. 16, 1919.

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To aZZ whom t may concern.'

En. il', known that l, Eiern lV. a. citizen of the United States,residing ai- New. York city, in the county of New York.' and Stat-e ofNew York, have invented eerrain new and useful lrnprovenienrs inProjeciiles, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to projei'iiles for war purposes, and to thexneinocl of making @he Same, i'a l more particularly relaiing to animprovement in explosive shells. ihe object of the invention being; toprovide a non-re- Volving glass Shel or one mada oi? modified furnaceslag obtained as hy-proclims Yfrom srnehing furnaces adapl'ed *so firedthrough a. srnooih bored Hun.

The shells or projectiles may formed in aulomaeic glass baille Inahinjmachinery or may he produced hy hand very rapidly and cheaply in Thesaine manner as is now practised for the making of glass boules orpressed glass.

ln the making of these shells. lhe. sai ie annealed in such manner as toslain handling, hui when they break from shock or pressure from theinside, `the glass projee'rile will disintegrate alinos'fJ conipleelyinto small anal sharp pieces which have enough penetratingu power lo he.effective. Accidental explosions of glass hotties here, proved thedeadly quzilii'ies of glass siilin- 1ers.

The object of this inve. ther Save the use of copper.

iron'. l.li/'hen large quantities nl `ldiese metals are thrown againstan en. j. i. collected and proved vainaole to ine enemy, which would notbe the case wi shrapnei.

The glass shells may he sinned iron molds oi a. certain dianeer may heprojected hy means of aerien or compressed nir or einer approved niehodsthrough snisable Steel smooth bored 'mbes of suitable diameter, theseshells are so constructed and fitted that ahoy will fail fro-nfl, end ornose end downward, causing; `an eXplosion of the same. Theav also ma7 beshot on by a, small amount. of powder. asby means oi' a mortar, or gun,especially when ii, iS desired lo project linni for a con- Siderabledistanoc.

Shels of this charac'er are articnierly 'gasification or" Letters efent.

,techs in fare where great waa.

frontal of 1 ployed, or as hoinhs droppci from the zur,

and also useful to clear ouiv trenches. The glass shells being; firedhrough a sinooh bore, are not designed lo be thrown more than one.thousand yards/'ai which distance or less a complegely loaded shell willhui-s: either by a time or coniaet inse or hoh, or from concussion. andchemical causes. The .zhrapnel and chemicals which niaj.' he elnloyedare such as io have a lendency to destro); gras niaslrs hy igniiinf"fthe saine and che p 'as gene-.Limi would he most dangerous io liio andthe sprav lhereiironi would sei mesi' eveiwlhine' on n'e. ie is believediha the effect of this glassfprojeciile would he so ierrorizinq thai" anenr-nq'f would refuse io eh: rg0 in frontal allaclrs.

ln sonn cases he .shells may he loaded' wiih nly a single, glass bottle,which fills ihe .shell excepting (he grooves or recesses iliexnoii.which nia;v ne [filled willi a high e32- plo'sii'c. suf-.h as T. 'l`.This glass hoi tie om): coniain crushed and ser 'cned glass tubingircaied in a uilahle manner. Thus holding deadly ingredicnis.

rl`he advanrages ol a glass .shell over a casi. iron or inelal shell aremany. 'The expense. of manufacture o? i'helorxner is less ilian onwlenhol' (he lail'li. molded liviinch .shell as ii. cornes *from ihe machineor inold does noi` cosv more. than ihrer Cenis per pound or fifty Cenisper shell. fi. eoniplcie live inch shell wiih llnee glass hoiiles loadedwilli chemicals and explosives will weight ahon. lweny-iive pounds andcost ahoul ihre@ dollars. The count s presentdaily Capacity for ille.manufacture of such shell in normal limes is al'. leasi two hun di'edThousand. The chemicals needed now availahle. and the. increase. oimarini-'aelznrc ofsanio could readily he. arranged for.

A gia. sheil,A by means oi annealing'. coul ne made to hursi; ain-lostai', will andI disintegra'fe compleiely. The close proximity of theenemy againsty which it may ne used an'. The impregnation ofthe shellconicnfs wouhl render flic glass shrapnel most deadly.

ln ihe drawings accompanying: and forining' parl. of this speitiication`Figure, is a longfi'ndinal sectional View nii-ilus im'roved shell; Fig.2 is cross sevional view ihereof taken on lin@ 2 2 Fig. Fig. a` cross'vided with a cork disk or sectieomal view taken on line 3 3 Fig. andFigs. J.- and 5 are detail views of the rear end ofthe shell. Y

Similar` characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in theseveral figures of the drawings. o The non-revolving glass shell 2 isAprovided with threads 3 on its exterior at its forward or nose end forthe reception of a nose 4 of suitable thin metal. The metal sleeve et isperforated in such a manner that the time fuse will ignite upon thedischarge of the projectile. The front cover or cap 4 also helps tostrengthen the shell. The shell is also provided on its interior at itsforward end with threads 5 for the reception of a plug 6, which plug maybe `of any suitable construction and is usually "made in two parts,between which the fuse is located. The plug is also held in place by thereinforcing metal sleeve 4.

The rear or bottom of the shell is provided with a metal sleeve 7, towhich a cross shaped vane or rib 8 lis secured, so as to properlybalance the projectile. The insideof the glass projectile is providedwith ribs 9 forming recesses 10 and the bottom is probreech plug 11threaded or pressed into the interior of the shell. Ashereinbeforestated, in one form the inside of the shell may consist of a singleglass bottle, or it may consist of several glass bottles, in theApresent instance three as 13, 1li, and 15,A being shoWn.- These bottlesare provided with Stoppers of glass or some suitable material as 16.

After the shell is constructed, a concussion or time-fuse cap or plughereinbefore re- "erred to may be inserted at vthe front end, While thesleeveat the rear end protects the glass shell from shocks and alsoassists in the proper air-tight fitting in the smooth bored steel barrelof the gun or mortar.

Therev may be from eight to twenty, more or less, ribs or recesses onthe inside forming comparatively deep grooves or recesses for thepurpose of holding the explosive charge while the space insideof theshell may, `as hereinbefore stated, hold one or several glass bottles,each of Twhich may be more or less charged with chemicals. 'll'hesebottles are so arranged that should the time fuse or oontact fuse failto work, the glass bottle Willv burst from the contact by falling from avconsiderable height, thus causing explosion of the shell.

The loading charges or contents of the bottles are not claimed in thisapplication, as itl is believed it Will be consistent with public policynot to disclose them at the present time, but yl may say that gas masksWill be less useful and theslightest flesh wound may prove fatal.

*n l; tor the purpose or protecting the glass Laien/ie projectile whileit is being shot from the gun, also against explosive effect of -thepowder used for projecting the projectile, and also any rough handlingduring transportation, a suitable Woven cotton cover Q0 may be usedaround the projectile impregnated with some suitableinaterial, astallow, grease or paraffin, which thus acts as a luhricator andmaterially facilitates the passage of the projectile. This impregnatedcovcr thus not only protects the projectile during its passage in thegun, but also during its packing and shipment.

rllhis cover, of some suitable fabric mate rial, Will most suitably belocated around the exposed glass portion of thc projectile, that isbetween the opposed edges of the rcinforcing nose piecc, and reinforcingsleeve 7, and will thus insure a gas-tight packing `in the processofbeing hrcd.

l claim as my invention:

l. A non-revolving projectile comprising a glass shell having areinforcing metal sleeve around its rear end and sides, the major partof the sides of said glass shell l,being free of metal protection. ,2. Aprojectile comprising a glass shell or more glass receptacles having areinforcin-gnietal nose piece, and a reinforcing metal sleeve at therear cnil 0f said shell, the major partof the sides of said glass shellbeing free of metal protection.

3. A lion-revolving projectile comprising` -a glass shell adapted to hefired vfrom a the reception of an explosivel material, Aone or.l moreglass receptacles therein, and a reinforcing nose piece, the majorportion of said shell being free of metal protection.

6. A projectile comprising a glass shell having .a reinforcing metalnose piece, a reinforcing metal sleeve at its rear end. and anon-metallic cover for the glass'poi'ti'on of said shell located betweenthe nose piece and the sleeve.

A non-revolving projectile comprising va glass shelll adapted to befired from a l. smooth bored gun oz tube and having a phi` ralitypfrecesses interiorly thereof for the reception of an explosive'material.one or more glass reccptaclef.l therein. a reinforcing nose piece, and a,reinforcing sleeve at its rear end, said nose picco and sleeve lcav-:gamme ing'the major part of said shell unprotected by metal.

8. A non-revolving projectile comprising a, glass shell adapted to befired trom a smooth bored gun or tube and having a plurality of recessesinteriorly thereof for the reception of an explosive material, one ormore glass receptacles therein, a reinforcing nose piece, a reinforcingsleeve at its rear end, said nose piece and sleeve leaving the majorpart of said shell unprotected by metal, means connected with saidsleeve for balancing the projectile, and a non-metal protecting portionlocated hetween seid nose piece and sleeve.

9. A projectile comprising a glass shell having means at its forward endfor explodingit, and containing one or 'more glass receptacles therein,said Shell having.,r a reinforcing sleeve at its forward and at its rearend constructed to leave the major portion of the Sides of said shellunreinforced by metal.

10. A projectile cornprisinV a glass shell having'interiorly threadedront and rear ends and threaded closures therefor. said shell alsohaving exterior' threads at its forward end orthe reception of areinforcing nose piece.

11. A projectile comprising a glass shell having interiorly threadedfront and rear ends and threaded Vclosures therefor, said shell havingexterior threads at its forward end for the reception of a reinforcingnose piece, said shell also having interiorly thereof one or morechemical receiving glass receptacles.

l2. A projectile comprising a glass shell having interiorly threadedfront and rear ends and threaded Closures therefor, said shell havingexterior threads at its forward end for the reception of a reinforcingnose. piece, said shell also having interiorlytliereof one or morechemical receiving `glass receptacles, and also having a plurality ofribs forming recesses for the reception of an explosive.

13. A projectile comprising' a glass shell having 'the major portion ofits sides protouted by a non-metallic cover and its "forward and rearends protected by metallic ineinbers 'terminating at the ends of saidnon-metallic cover.

14. A projectile comprising a glass shell having the major portion orits sides pro- -tected by a non-metallic cover and itsl forward and rearends protected by metallic members termina?ing.;` at the ends of Saidnon-metallic cover, Said glass shell having a i'r-ont and rear opening,one of which is of Substantially the saine diameter as the bore of .saidshell, and one or more glass receptacles located in said shell.

Signed at 1822 Park Row Building, New York city, county and State of NewYork, this 17th day oi July, 1918.

ERK W. ENEQUIST.

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